Given the growing use and implications of generative AI (GenAI), this special issue seeks to offer new, pertinent insights related to how individuals and firms can and should address it, as well as which types of policies and regulations are necessary to ensure its promise is not overcome by its perils. In addition to introducing the nine contributions that make up this special issue, this editorial proposes a framework for understanding the promises and perils of GenAI. It also summarizes key considerations and demands that drive GenAI use, policy makers’ regulatory efforts, and avenues for research that address these societally critical questions and applications.