Advances in the application of 18F-sodium fluoride PET in the assessment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis serves as the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with its pathological processes encompassing lipid deposition, inflammatory responses, and calcification. Traditional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiography and MRI, are primarily utilized for detecting arterial stenosis and calcified plaques, yet they face challenges in accurately assessing plaque activity and instability. 18 F-sodium fluoride PET ( 18 F-NaF PET) offers a novel approach for plaque activity and stability assessment by labeling and quantifying arterial wall calcification. This article reviews the advances in the application of 18 F-NaF PET in the assessment of atherosclerosis.