Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography as an adjunctive method to ICG lymphography for functional lymphaticovenous anastomosis

No significant demographic differences existed between the two groups (CEUS plus ICG group vs. ICG-only group). The ILR decrease of the Z₁ value measured using bioimpedance was statistically significant (p = 0.042 for the upper limb, p = 0.002 for the lower limb)- CONCLUSIONS: CEUS allowed us to identify deep-lying, functional, and large lymphatic channels. In conclusion, the combination of CEUS and ICG for identifying lymphatic channels has the potential to lead to a more functional lymphovenous anastomosis.