Regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide on the female reproductive system

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless exhaust gas, has been traditionally considered an air pollutant. However, recent studies have revealed that H2S functions as a novel gas signaling molecule, exerting diverse biological effects on various systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous systems. Thus, H2S is involved in various pathophysiological processes. As H2S affects reproductive function, it has potential therapeutic implications in reproductive system diseases. This review examined the role of H2S in various female reproductive organs, including the ovary, fallopian tube, vagina, uterus, and placenta. Additionally, the regulatory function of H2S in the female reproductive system has been discussed to provide useful insights for developing clinical therapeutic strategies for reproductive diseases.