Isotopic Analysis of Lead at Ultratrace Levels Using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Coupled with the Continuous Heating Method: Optimization of the Data Integration Range and Method

. An integration range of over 1% or 25% is preferred to exclude anomalies while compensating for mass fractionation. The optimized method was validated by comparing two different instruments used for the isotopic analysis of the reference material. The enhanced accuracy and precision provide valuable insights for researchers working in ultratrace-level Pb isotopic analysis using TIMS.