Triazole: A New Perspective in Medicinal Chemistry and Material Science

Abstract: Triazole, which can exist in two isomeric forms: 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole, is considered to be a privileged scaffold with recognized biological and pharmaceutical potential. Furthermore, due to their physicochemical properties, the applications of triazoles have been explored in fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to materials science. Triazoles have not only drawn the attention of the scientific community for all the aforementioned properties but also due to their ability to be incorporated into other bioactive and functional molecules. The connection between two pharmacophores makes it possible to potentiate specific biological activities or add different properties. Interest in the compatibility of the triazole nucleus with peptide structures is highlighted in the development of new therapeutic targets. In epigenetics, triazole is linked to various compounds that are used in the creation of new drugs that could potentially inhibit histone-modifying enzymes. Other new and potentially more effective materials that can take advantage of a triazole moiety include light-emitting diodes and solar cells, among others. Hence, we propose a novel approach to the promising applications of triazolic ring, a compound that has been gaining prominence in organic chemistry due to its applicability to many different fields.