Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitor Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Preclinical “2‐Hit” Model Reveals Autophagy Enhancement Via AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Pathway

Empagliflozin effectively ameliorates cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF by enhancing autophagy via the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway. These findings elucidate the direct cardioprotective mechanisms of empagliflozin and suggest potential therapeutic molecular targets for HFpEF.