Risk Associated with Antibiotic in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Role of Microbiota and Future Aspects

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that characterized by abdominal pain in relation to disturbed bowel habits. It is a substantial burden on both patient health –related quality of life and healthcare cost. Although various path physiologic mechanisms have been formulated including visceral hypersensitivity, altered bowel motility, gut- brain dysregulations but it is believed that gut microbiome plays an important role in the genesis of symptoms. The composition and diversity of the gut micro biota can be modified by use of antibiotics, as they have the capacity to diminish the levels of advantageous bacteria while allowing the proliferation of detrimental bacteria. It is well known that micro biome takes a crucial role in development of IBS, but antibiotics itself is a potential risk factors for IBS has not been clarified yet. However, lack of highly predictive diagnostics biomarkers and the complexity and the heterogeneity of IBS patients make management difficult and unsatisfactory in most of the cases, thereby reducing patient health- related quality of life and increasing the sanitary burden. So, this review would help us to understand the risk factors associated with antibiotics in developing IBS, the role of gut micro biome and the other potential future approaches which are useful for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.