Evaluating the Efficiency of Boron Nitride Coating in Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructure Films by Optical Spectroscopy

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films exhibit exceptional optical and electrical properties, making them highly promising for scalable integrated devices. Previously, we employed SWCNT films as templates for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of one-dimensional heterostructure films where boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and molybdenum disulfide nanotubes (MoS2NTs) were coaxially nested over the SWCNT networks. In this work, we have further refined the synthesis method to achieve precise control over the BNNT coating in SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. The resulting structure of the SWCNT@BNNT films was thoroughly characterized using a combination of electron microscopy, UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Specifically, we investigated the pressure effect induced by BNNT wrapping on the SWCNTs in the SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure film and demonstrated that the shifts of the SWCNT's G and 2D (G′) modes in Raman spectra can be used as a probe of the efficiency of BNNT coating. In addition, we studied the impact of vacuum annealing on the removal of the initial doping in SWCNTs, arising from exposure to ambient atmosphere, and examined the effect of MoO3 doping in SWCNT films by using UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We show that through correlation analysis of the G and 2D (G′) modes in Raman spectra, it is possible to discern distinct types of doping effects as well as the influence of applied pressure on the SWCNTs within SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the strain and doping effect in both SWCNTs and SWCNT@BNNTs, thereby providing valuable insights for future applications of carbon-nanotube-based one-dimensional heterostructures.