A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Respiratory Failure in Silicosis Patients Exposed to Granite Dust

BACKGROUND: Silicosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust that, despite safety advances, remains widespread, especially in developing countries. Respirable silica particles reach the alveoli, triggering inflammation and fibrosis development. Severe cases may progress to respiratory failure, underscoring the importance of identifying risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed male patients diagnosed with pulmonary silicosis, with or without respiratory failure. All data were obtained at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Respiratory failure was present in 19 out of 75 patients. In multivariate analysis, respiratory failure was significantly associated with longer occupational exposure, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated factors linked to respiratory failure in workers with silicosis. The described findings might optimize the prevention, early detection, and management of this patient group.