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Age-associated alterations in immune function and inflammation

免疫衰老 免疫系统 免疫学 炎症 生物 抗原 T细胞 人口 背景(考古学) 先天免疫系统 医学 古生物学 环境卫生
作者
Erin D. Lewis,Dayong Wu,Simin Nikbin Meydani
出处
期刊:Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:118: 110576-110576 被引量:80
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110576
摘要

Immunosenescence is a term used to describe the age-related changes in the immune system. Immunosenescence is associated with complex alterations and dysregulation of immune function and inflammatory processes. Age-related changes in innate immune responses including alterations in chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, impaired antigen presenting capacity, and dysregulated inflammatory response have been described. The most striking and best characterized feature of immunosenescence is the decline in both number and function of T cells. With age there is decreased proliferation, decreased number of antigen-naïve T cells, and increased number of antigen-experienced memory T cells. This decline in naïve T cell population is associated with impaired immunity and reduced response to new or mutated pathogens. While the absolute number of peripheral B cells appears constant with age, changes in B cell functions including reduced antibody production and response and cell memory have been described. However, the main alteration in cell-mediated function that has been reported across all species with aging is those observed in in T cell. These T cell mediated changes have been shown to contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer in older adults. In addition to functional and phenotype alterations in immune cells, studies demonstrate that circulating concentrations of inflammatory mediators in older adults are higher than those of young. This low grade, chronic inflammatory state that occurs in the context of aging has been termed “inflammaging”. This review will focus on age-related changes in the immune system including immunosenescence and inflammation as well as the functional consequences of these age-related alterations for the aged.
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