医学
肝硬化
肝细胞癌
放射科
结节性再生增生
恶性肿瘤
局灶性结节性增生
病理
门脉高压
内科学
作者
Matteo Renzulli,Nicolò Brandi,Giulia Argalia,Stefano Brocchi,Andrea Farolfi,Stefano Fanti,Rita Golfieri
标识
DOI:10.1007/s11547-022-01449-w
摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and one of the most common causes of death among patients with cirrhosis, developing in 1-8% of them every year, regardless of their cirrhotic stage. The radiological features of HCC are almost always sufficient for reaching the diagnosis; thus, histological confirmation is rarely needed. However, the study of cirrhotic livers remains a challenge for radiologists due to the developing of fibrous and regenerative tissue that cause the distortion of normal liver parenchyma, changing the typical appearances of benign lesions and pseudolesions, which therefore may be misinterpreted as malignancies. In addition, a correct distinction between pseudolesions and malignancy is crucial to allow appropriate targeted therapy and avoid treatment delays.The present review encompasses technical pitfalls and describes focal benign lesions and pseudolesions that may be misinterpreted as HCC in cirrhotic livers, providing the imaging features of regenerative nodules, large regenerative nodules, siderotic nodules, hepatic hemangiomas (including rapidly filling and sclerosed hemangiomas), segmental hyperplasia, arterioportal shunts, focal confluent fibrosis and focal fatty changes. Lastly, the present review explores the most promising new imaging techniques that are emerging and that could help radiologists differentiate benign lesions and pseudolesions from overt HCC.
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