一致性(知识库)
模棱两可
心理学
社会心理学
解释水平理论
价值(数学)
身份(音乐)
透视图(图形)
道德
认知心理学
认识论
语言学
机器学习
物理
哲学
人工智能
计算机科学
数学
声学
几何学
作者
Elizabeth Mullen,Benoît Monin
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Psychology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2016-01-04
卷期号:67 (1): 363-385
被引量:240
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115120
摘要
Why does past moral behavior sometimes lead people to do more of the same (consistency), whereas sometimes it liberates them to do the opposite (licensing)? We organize the literature on moderators of moral consistency versus licensing effects using five conceptual themes: construal level, progress versus commitment, identification, value reflection, and ambiguity. Our review reveals that individuals are more likely to exhibit consistency when they focus abstractly on the connection between their initial behavior and their values, whereas they are more likely to exhibit licensing when they think concretely about what they have accomplished with their initial behavior-as long as the second behavior does not blatantly threaten a cherished identity. Moreover, many studies lacked baseline conditions ("donut" designs), leaving it ambiguous whether licensing was observed. And although many proposed moderators yielded significant interactions, evidence for both significant consistency and balancing simple effects in the same study was nearly nonexistent.
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