Neuroinflammation is a putative target for the prevention and treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders

INTRODUCTION: The demographics of aging of the surgical population has increased the risk for perioperative neurocognitive disorders in which trauma-induced neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. SOURCES OF DATA: After determining the scope of the review, the authors used PubMed with select phrases encompassing the words in the scope. Both preclinical and clinical reports were considered. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Neuroinflammation is a sine qua non for development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: What is the best method for ameliorating trauma-induced neuroinflammation while preserving inflammation-based wound healing. GROWING POINTS: This review considers how to prepare for and manage the vulnerable elderly surgical patient through the entire spectrum, from preoperative assessment to postoperative period. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: What are the most effective and safest interventions for preventing and/or reversing Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.