The development and current applications of microwave heating are reviewed, and the dielectric losses and characteristics of microwave heating analyzed. Microwave heating, defrosting drying, modification, sintering, sterilization and so forth are discussed. Microwave heating technology has wide application prospects, and future research should focus on the interaction mechanism between microwave and materials, heat and mass transfer in the microwave field, heating technology and equipment, and the combination of microwave heating with other technologics.