Integration of Diverse Data Sources for Spatial PM2.5 Data Interpolation

Heterogeneous data fusion from disparate geospatial sensors has drawn increasing attention in multimedia. Unfortunately, environmental sensors are usually sparsely and preferentially located, which restricts situation recognition of geographical regions and results in uncertainty in derived inferences. Spatial interpolation is an effective way to solve the problem of data sparsity, which demands the availability of related data sources. However, these data sources are usually in different resolutions, distributions, scales, and densities, which poses a major challenge in data integration. To address this problem, we present a novel spatial interpolation framework to incorporate diverse data sources and model the spatial processes explicitly at multiple resolutions. Spectral analysis is deployed to generate features at multiple spatial resolutions and to improve the interpolation accuracy at unobserved locations. A statistical operator based on the spatial Gaussian process is implemented and integrated into a geospatial situation recognition system, which can analyze heterogeneous spatio-temporal data streams derived from sensors. To verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework, this framework is applied to the PM2.5 air pollution application. Experiments conducted in California, USA, demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.