Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease

Background Pulmonary hypertension (pH) due to left heart disease (pH-LHD) is the most common form of pH in clinical practice. Objectives The purpose of the study is to develop a diagnostic nomogram predictive model combining conventional noninvasive examination and detection indicators. Methods Our study retrospectively included 361 patients with left heart disease (LHD) who underwent right heart catheterization between 2013 and 2020. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (253, 70 %) and a validation cohort (108, 30 %). pH was defined as resting mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg measured by RHC examination. Data dimension reduction and feature selection were used by Lasso regression model. The nomogram was constructed based on multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 175 patients with LHD were diagnosed with pH during their hospitalization, representing 48.5 % of the cohort. The mean age of the overall group was 55.6 years, with 76.7 % being male patients. Excessive resting heart rate, elevated New York Heart Association functional class, increased red blood cell distribution width, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure measured by echocardiography were independently associated with the prevalence of pH-LHD. The inclusion of these 5 variables in the nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.866 [95 % CI, 0.820–0.911]) and optimal calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = 0.791) for the validation cohort. Conclusions The noninvasive nomogram of pH-LHD developed in this study has excellent diagnostic value and clinical applicability, and can more accurately evaluate the presence risk of pH in patients with LHD.