The mechanism of Semen Persicae‐Flos Carthami in treating hypertrophic scar: A study based on network pharmacological analysis and in vitro experiments

Abstract Traditional medicine believes that hypertrophic scar (HS) falls into the category of “blood stasis”. Chinese herbs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, activating meridians, and relieving pain are usually selected to treat HS by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Both Semen Persicae (SP) and Flos Carthami (FC) are confirmed to be effective for HS. Clinically, SP and FC are often used in combination with each other. However, the pharmacodynamic mechanism and molecular target of SP‐FC in the treatment of HS are still unclear. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the mechanism and target of SP‐FC in the treatment of HS through network pharmacology combined with in vitro cell and molecular biology experiments. Target genes of SP‐FC were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), and targets of HS‐related diseases were searched from databases such as Disgenet and GeneCards. Based on the targets searched and obtained, a Venn diagram was plotted to acquire common targets of SP‐FC‐HS. Next, STRING 11.0 was employed for protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of common targets; and cytoscape 3.9.0 for connection relationship analysis of PPI and plotting of a “drug‐component‐target” network diagram. Besides, a modified explant culture method was applied to separate primary hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs); MTT assay to detect cell viability of HSFs after treatment by SP‐FC for 24 h; Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining combined with flow cytometry to test apoptosis; western blot to check the protein expression level of p53; and real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR to determine mRNA level of p53. In the analysis of network pharmacology, 269 pharmacological targets of SP, 449 pharmacological targets of FC, and 2569 targets of HS‐related diseases were screened from the databases. After plotting the Venn diagram, 116 common targets of SP‐FC‐HS were acquired. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of p53 in HSFs was decreased. SP‐FC significantly reduces the viability of HSFs, increases p53 levels in HSFs, and promotes apoptosis. SP‐FC can reduce scar formation by promoting p53 expression.