Recurrence and Emergence of New Primary Tumors in Patients with Resected Pathological Stage 1A Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Among 653 patients, 7% had recurrences, whereas new primaries (5%) became more frequent after 3 years, occurring steadily at 0.6% per year, with distinct survival outcomes. New malignant events were more common in men, smokers, and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Notably, all malignancies in nonsolid cancers were new primaries. These findings emphasize the need for tailored surveillance strategies.