Polygonatum cyrtonema Polysaccharides Target Gut Microbiota to Suppress NOD2-Driven Inflammation and Modulate Bile Acid Metabolism in Colitis

polysaccharides (PCPs) has not been adequately explored, and the mechanisms involved remain largely unelucidated. Our results demonstrated that PCP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms and enhanced beneficial gut microbiota abundance and diversity. Notably, gut microbiota modulated by PCP exhibited a similar capacity to mitigate colitis symptoms. Further mechanistic studies revealed that both PCP and the PCP-modulated gut microbiota improved colitis by inhibiting the overactivation of the NOD2-mediated autophagy-inflammation pathway and reducing the synthesis of the bile acid metabolite LTC4. Importantly, LTC4 levels were positively correlated to the NOD2-autophagy-inflammation pathway. Collectively, our findings identified PCP as a novel prebiotic preserving gut health through microbiota-mediated homeostasis regulation, offering new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.