Targeting glucosyltransferases to combat dental caries: Current perspectives and future prospects

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance within bacterial communities poses formidable challenges to existing therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating biofilm-mediated infections. Recent advancements in this domain have spurred the development of targeted antimicrobial agents, designed to selectively eradicate the primary etiological agents while preserving the beneficial microbial diversity of the oral cavity. Targeting glucosyltransferases (GTFs), which play crucial roles in dental biofilm formation, offers a precise strategy to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide synthesis without compromising oral microbiota. This review article delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying dental caries, with a specific focus on the role of GTFs, enzymes produced by S. mutans. It further provides an overview of current research on GTF inhibitors, exploring their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential applications in clinical practice. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the development of novel GTF inhibitors, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to combat biofilm-mediated oral diseases effectively.