Exploring the Effects of Structural and Surface Modifications of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Holistic Perspective

Lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals have emerged as promising candidates for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels such as methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) due to their several unique properties such as a tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficients across a broad solar spectrum, long carrier diffusion length, higher carrier mobility, etc. However, following the facile and controllable synthesis of LHP nanocrystals, even though variations in size, morphology, and structural properties are possible, the impact of such variations on their photocatalytic ability has not been properly discussed or overviewed. This perspective delves into the intricate interplay between structural and surface alterations of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals, shedding light on their consequential impacts on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Furthermore, it explores the underlying mechanisms and reaction factors governing CO2 reduction pathways, including adsorption, activation, and conversion processes, elucidating how structural and surface modifications can tailor these processes to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Overall, this perspective offers valuable insights into designing next-generation LHP nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance through deliberate structural and surface engineering strategies, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.