Mapping and Ablation of Atypical Atrial Flutters

Atypical atrial flutters are complex, hard-to-manage atrial arrhythmias. Catheter ablation has progressively emerged as a successful treatment option with a remarkable role played by irrigated-tip catheters and 3D electroanatomic mapping systems. However, despite the improvement of these technologies, the ablation results may be still suboptimal due to the progressive atrial substrate modification occurring in diseased hearts. Hence, a patient-tailored approach is required to improve the long-term success rate in this scenario, aiming at achieving specific procedure end points and detecting any potential arrhythmogenic substrate in each patient.