How to administer an enema in adults

Administration of an enema is a common procedure undertaken in healthcare settings and, if undertaken appropriately, is deemed a relatively low-risk and safe intervention. An enema may be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, to administer medicines or for diagnostic purposes. The most common reason for administration of an enema is to relieve severe acute or chronic constipation. This article details the preparation and procedure required for safe administration of an enema in adults and considers the associated indications, contraindications and potential complications. • An enema involves the introduction of a substance in liquid form into the rectum and is a prescription-only medicine. • There are three main types of enemas commonly used in nursing practice: retention, evacuant and softener enemas. • Administration of an enema is invasive and highly personal, and nurses undertaking this procedure must have the knowledge and skills required to do so safely and work within their level of competence. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when administering an enema. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues about indications for, and the appropriate method for, administering an enema.