Drinking Water Temperature Impacts the Pathogenesis of DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function and Remodeling the Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Environmental factors, including poor dietary habits and unhealthy drinking patterns, contribute to ulcerative colitis (UC). While the relationship between diet‐related malnutrition and UC has been extensively explored, the impact of drinking water temperature remains largely overlooked, prompting us to investigate its influence on UC pathogenesis and explore the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we observed that, unlike external thermal and cold therapy, varying drinking water temperatures transiently altered the internal body temperature of the digestive tract. Specifically, chronic drinking of 0°C water had significant anti‐inflammatory effects and preserved the integrity of the mucosal barrier in a colitis mouse model. Mechanistically, this temperature spectrum changed the composition of the gut microbiota from inflammation‐prone (25°C drinking water) to a resting pattern similar to that of the negative control. Specifically, the abundances of Blautia and Parasutterella, two beneficial genera, were strongly increased in response to 0°C water, accompanied by elevated levels of short‐chain fatty acids. In contrast, drinking 40°C water had opposite effects on all the examined parameters and generally aggravated the development of colitis. This study is the first to demonstrate how modifying the temperature of habitual drinking water can modulate colitis progression, providing a novel and noninvasive approach to UC management. Specifically, chronic consumption of 0°C water alleviated the severity of colitis, whereas 40°C water aggravated the disease. Therefore, by focusing on commonly consumed drinking water temperatures, our findings suggest that this simple intervention could be a safe, convenient, and effective therapeutic strategy.