Recent advances in enzyme immobilization based on nanoflowers

In general, enzyme immobilization technologies were applied for seeking to create reusable enzymes with improved enzyme properties for industrial applications. However, to traditional immobilization technologies, such as adsorption, covalent binding, cross-linking, and entrapment, the reusability and stability are improved, the activity is often obviously reduced compared with the free enzyme. To resolve this challenge, the recently appeared hierarchical Nanoflowers (NFs) technology opened a new door for enzyme immobilization, which possesses the inherent merits such as enhanced loading capacity and high specific surface area. Recent researches have clearly stated that it is an inexpensive and environmentally benign technology for enzyme immobilization. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the immobilization of enzymes with the environmentally benign hierarchical NFs, as well as their application.