Synthesis of low-dimensional organo-metal halide perovskite materials

Recently, hybrid organo-metal halide perovskites have rocked the scientific community when going low-dimensional structures. By either simply replacing the organic cation commonly used in three-dimensional materials with a larger one or varying the molar ratio in synthesis reaction, low-dimensional perovskite materials are obtained. In this study, we choose the option of wet chemical synthesis and of mixing precursors in solid state to obtain perovskite crystals with different dimensionality, from zero-dimensional to two-dimensional. Characterization by X-ray diffraction shows that the dimensional characteristic of the material is the one of metal halide octahedra. The zero-dimensional material, formamidinium lead bromide, exhibits a mixture of phase. One-dimensional materials are obtained with unconventional precursors ratio of 1:1 and 2:1, instead of 3:1. Two-dimensional guanidinium lead iodide possesses unprecedented clear diffraction peaks. The photoluminescence results show that these materials have good emission, possessing a wide spectrum, except for one one-dimensional (acetamidinium lead iodide) and one two-dimensional (phenethylamine lead iodide) materials. The intense photoluminescence at room temperature and precise synthesis processes are mandatory results that allow us to go further into a particular optical application of these low-dimensional materials.