Nano-bioconfinement mediated water purification strategies: from primary to application

The increasing fluoride concentration in the drinking water shows severe ecological threat to all living organisms. Numbers of conventional and non-conventional methods have been used to effectively eliminate the fluoride-like heavy metals from contaminated water. A vital advance towards the genuine use of different nano-biomaterials in water purification strategies is to restrict enormous substrates. This extended exposure of heavy metals interestingly guides the researchers to develop innovative, novel, cost effective and easily available strategies to remove the excess amount of fluoride-like heavy metals in the water. The entire significant proposition will make future investigations dependent on the excluded relationship between the nanoconfinement impacts and the water purification innovations. The present review focused on some effective adsorbents which eliminate excessive amounts of fluoride-like heavy metals and it shows expressive elimination with basic, cost effective adsorbent and easy availability as well as accessibility by the common people.