Measurements of the rate of penetration of fixing fluids obviously provide an empirical basis for the minimum timing of tissue fixation, and pioneer studies to this end have appeared in a European literature: Tellyesniczky ('lo, '26), Underhill B. Formal-sublimate (Heidenhain) C. Formal-bichromate (Orth, Regaud) D. Formal-chmm 1. Formal-trichloracetic and sublimate (Romeis) 1. Formal-sublimate and bichromate (Zenker formal, Helly, Maximow, Bensley)1. Formal&rom and osmium (Kauffmann)