Meta-Analysis of Association between the -2578C/A Polymorphism of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in Asians and Caucasians

<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play an important role in the development and progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A number of case-control studies focused on the association between VEGF -2578C/A and risk for DR. But the results were not always consistent, so we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the precise association between this variant and risk for DR. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All publications on the association between VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism and DR were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, with the last report up to January 2013. This meta-analysis was assessed by Review Manager 5.1. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 6 studies were involved in this meta-analysis, including 835 cases and 867 controls. Overall, we found a significant association between this polymorphism and DR (A vs. C: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26-1.77, p < 0.00001; AA vs. CA + CC: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.94-1.68, p = 0.12; AA + CA vs. CC: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27-1.91, p < 0.00001; AA vs. CC: OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.20-2.32, p = 0.003; CA vs. CC: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.21-1.87, p = 0.0002), but we did not find any significant association in Caucasians in subgroup analysis. The results were not materially altered after the studies which did not fulfill the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were excluded. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our meta-analysis supports the association between the VEGF -2578C/A polymorphism and DR, but not in the Caucasian population.