Dynamic role of Endothelium to Transitional Flow - An Overview on Endothelial cell

Endothelial cells are the dynamic structures that are essential for the maintenance of constant blood flow in the vasculature. The functions of vascular endothelial cells are vasomotion, blood coagulation, and inflammation. Numerous mechanoreceptors are present on the surface of the endothelium. Mechanotransduction occurs across the endothelial cells as a result of the shear stress stimulation which will alter the structural, functional, and genetical modification of the endothelial cells. Blockage of blood flow is the root cause for most of cardiovascular diseases. Poor physical activity and unhealthy lifestyle habits favoring the deposition of fats plague formation in the vessel walls.  Endothelial dysfunction is a condition where endothelial cells are not able to release the substance which maintains vascular tone. This is an overall review that summarizes the endothelial cells' pathophysiological aspects along with the methods to detect endothelial dysfunction.