Agar

A review of the science and technology of agar is provided in this chapter. The main seaweed sources of agar are identified, as well as their cultivation and harvesting methods, with emphasis being given to the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) approach. Conventional extraction methodologies are described; the use of more efficient technologies and their advantages are also addressed. Agar structure, properties, and gelation mechanism are presented. An updated overview of commercial agar applications (in food, biological, and pharmaceutical industries), as well as emerging applications is given. Finally, current market trends and future prospects are briefly addressed. Regulatory status is also examined.