T‐cell surface generation of dual bivalent, bispecific T‐cell engaging, RNA duplex cross‐linked antibodies (dbBiTERs) for re‐directed tumor cell lysis

Background Genetic engineered Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) generate potent cytotoxic effects. Methods Alternately, click chemistry engineered, dual specific bivalent Bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies (dbBiTEs) on T-cell surfaces can be generated from parent monoclonal antibodies. Results We show the formation of dbBiTEs on the surface of T-cells along with the introduction of complementary 2′-OMe RNA 32-mer oligonucleotides allowing duplex formation between antibodies, designated as dbBiTERs. dbBiTERs generated in solution from anti-CEA and anti-CD3 OKT3 antibodies retained specific binding to CEA positive versus CEA negative cancer cells and to CD3 positive T-cells comparable to dbBiTEs. When T-cells were precoated with dbBiTEs or dbBiTERs and mixed with CEA positive versus CEA negative cancer cells, similar dose dependent and specific cytotoxicity were observed in redirected cell lysis assays. On-cell generated dbBiTERs exerted potent cytotoxic responses against CEA positive targets and were localized at the cell surface by immuno-gold EM. In addition, we demonstrate that target and T-cells, each coated separately with complementary 2′OMe-RNA-linked antibodies can be cross-linked by RNA duplex formation in vitro to generate redirected cell lysis. Conclusion The facile generation of dbBiTERs with specific cytolytic activity from intact antibodies and their generation on-cell offers a new avenue for antigen specific T-cell therapy.