Precision surgery

Surgery has passed through an intuitive and an empirical era and has now entered its modern phase. The enormous progress in biomedicine, the rise of evidence-based medicine and the consensus on the need for humanistic patient care, have laid a foundation for a new surgical paradigm. Based on a series of studies and practices, we advocated the concept of 'Precision Surgery'. It covers the entire operation-centered surgical practice. The strategy of precision surgery is to seek a balance of maximizing the removal of the target lesion, while maximizing the functional liver remnant and minimizing surgical invasiveness. We propose that the concept of precision surgery should be considered for wider application within liver surgery and various surgical fields, and finally realize the multi-objective optimization with certainty-based practice to ensure maximized recovery for each patient. Key words: Surgical procedures, operative; Certainty; Multi-objective optimization