Multielement Isotope Analysis of Bovine Muscle for Determination of International Geographical Origin of Meat

Multielemental (C, N, H, S) stable isotope ratio analysis was used as an analytical tool to verify the geographical origin of beef from several European and non-European countries. Beef samples were collected from nine different countries, and the (13)C/(12)C, (15)N/(14)N, (2)H/(1)H, and (34)S/(32)S ratios of defatted beef were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). There were highly significant differences in the mean isotopic values of the beef from different countries. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the four isotope ratios were significant for the discrimination of geographical origin and that 84.9% of the samples were correctly assigned to the country of origin (82.2% when cross-validated). Beef was also classified according to geographical origin when additional information on different feeding regimens used in Ireland was included, with 85.0% of the samples correctly allocated and 82.9% cross-validated using the isotopic signatures. All of the Irish beef samples verifiable as pasture-fed beef were correctly classified and then cross-validated.