Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a new field of biological nitrogen removal from wastewater,however,the anammox biomass with slowly-growing and strict demand of environmental conditions has become a big obstacle for the full-scale implementation of anammox. It is important to explore the advantageous growing conditions for anammox biomass to facilitate the fast start-up and stable running of bio-reactors with anammox. The paper summarized the effects of temperature,pH,organic substance and the configuration of bio-reactors on anammox, and gave some suggestions for the de- velopment of anammox in the future.