Plant Endophytes and their Secondary Metabolites: A Source of Bioactive Compounds

Abstract: Plant endophytes are microorganisms in plant tissues that help generate many secondary metabolites that are responsible for biological activity. These naturally occurring chemicals have lured the attention of researchers due to their applications in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, and cosmetics. Endophytic metabolites in the pharmaceutical field play an imperative role in the treatment of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents. These features provide opportunities for new medication development, especially for conditions where present treatments are inadequate. Similarly, in the field of cosmetics, these metabolites provide advantages such as anti-aging properties and the ability to preserve the skin, thereby creating opportunities for the development of natural and efficient skincare solutions. Apart from this, they enhance productivity in agriculture and promote plant growth, especially by providing resistance against diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. Although such secondary metabolites have potential, there are still difficulties in extraction, purification, and standardization. Additional research and technology improvements will play a vital role in fully realizing their capabilities, ultimately leading to progress in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics. The study explores the wide range of secondary metabolites synthesized by plant endophytes and emphasizes their biological effects against different diseases. In addition, the authors also highlighted the efficacy of these metabolites in combating infections that affect plants, humans, and animals.