Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Saponins and Their Applications

Nanoscience is an exponentially developing field where multidisciplinary principles intersect in formulating notable innovations and discoveries. Synthesizes of such material is achievable through using physical, chemical and biological approach. Here, biosynthesis of the nanomaterial is foster to be the most promising sector in industries, due to its eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. Nanoparticles are the most studied nanomaterial for their extremely small scale, yet diverse applications. Biosynthesis approach involves a one step process including two essential reactions, reduction and capping of the nanoparticle through a bioactive compound extracted from a plant, fungi, bacteria, or algae. Bioactive compounds are viewed with immense potential in various fields of science and technology, applications ranging from pharmacy to industrial usage. One diverse group of compounds that come from such category of compounds is saponins, the most widely distributed compound in the plant kingdom. They are structurally triterpene or steroids with one or more side chains of sugar, fabricating them to be surface active. Conventionally, saponins are of substantial use in food, agriculture and medicine as a consequence of their pharmacological properties including, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory effects. This chapter will highlight upon the nanomaterials, especially metal nanoparticles synthesis using saponins, and further applications of achieved nano-products in various sectors.