Review of Advances in Large-area Perovskite Solar Cell Thin-film Fabrication Techniques

Abstract The abundant raw materials low cost high performance and flexibility of perovskite materials have sparked significant research and industrial interest.Following this perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone rapid development at the laboratory scale the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has been improved from the initial 3. 8% to 26. 7% in just a few decades.Its excellent photoelectric performance is due to the physical properties of perovskite materials such as wide light absorption range good temperature coefficient adjustable band gap high car rier mobility and strong defect tolerance.The commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics depends on the successful transition from laboratory-scale perovskite solar cells to large-scale perovskite solar modules.However as the device size increases the efficiency drops significantly hindering its commercial viability.The main problem lies in the preparation of high-quality and highly uniform large-area perovskite films which are mainly prepared by spin-coating for small-area devices.However the spin-coating method is not suitable for large-area film preparation as it can lead to uneven film thickness and severe waste of raw materials.Researchers have employed techniques such as blade coating slot-die coating inkjet printing and vacuum deposition etc.This article reviews the preparation process of large-area perovskite thin-film and the current research progress at home and abroad and discusses the improvement of