Symptom-specific non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: An umbrella review

Non-pharmacological interventions are considered the first-line treatment for managing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Given the heterogeneous characteristics of these symptoms, which vary for each individual and tend to fluctuate, a symptom-specific approach is necessary for providing individualized non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia. However, clear guidelines regarding the appropriate types of interventions for individual symptoms or clusters of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are lacking.