Symptom Network and Clusters of the Multidimensional Symptom Experience in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Special attention should be given to shortness of breath at rest as its core and bridging role in patients' symptoms. Furthermore, both the breathless and cardiac clusters are common among patients. Network analysis reveals direct connections between symptoms, symptom clusters, and their influencing factors, providing a foundation for clinicians to effectively manage patients' symptoms.