Engineering the Oxygen Vacancies in Perovskite Oxides for Electricity Generation from Water Evaporation

enable to enhance surface charges and facilitate water dissociation, leading to stronger water-solid interfacial interaction and more ion transport in capillary networks, ultimately boosting the voltage output. More importantly, it is found that the promoting effect of oxygen vacancy in water evaporation-induced electricity is universal and applicable for metal oxides with varied structures and compositions.