Quercetin reverses β1-adrenoceptor autoantibody-induced heart failure by promoting MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53 in cardiomyocytes

Quercetin rescues β₁-AA-impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy by activating MDM2-dependent p53 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby attenuating HF progression. These findings establish quercetin as the mechanistic basis of the cardioprotective effects of Qiliqiangxin and provide preclinical evidence for targeting autophagy by regulating p53 in β₁-AA-induced cardiac dysfunction.