Role and relevance of exosome-mediated epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (Review)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the main factors impacting negatively human health on a global scale. Every year, there is an increase in the prevalence of CVDs despite advancements in therapy for managing traditional risk factors. Research on exosomes is has garnered great interest due to their role in regulating intercellular communication. Exosome‑mediated epigenetic regulation is involved in the interaction between circulating cells and blood arteries, as well as in intercellular communication processes, and exosomes serve as biomarkers of cell activation. The present study aimed to summarize the recent research on exosome‑mediated epigenetic regulation mechanisms, as well as the roles of exosomes in the pathology and diagnosis of CVDs, which may increase the current understanding of the precise functions that exosomes play in the development of CVDs.