Tough, highly conductive and flame-retardant MXene/NR films based on large-sized MXene sheets for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding

), endowing it with a high EMI shielding effectiveness of 72 dB (8.2-12.4 GHz), attributed to the MXene 3D network structure. Notably, the MXene/NR film demonstrates good flame-retardant properties with a 49.9% reduction in the heat release rate and a 24.1% reduction in total heat release compared with a pure NR film and excellent environmental stability. This preparation strategy provides a practical path for the development of multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials.