Tobramycin is a new amino-hexose antibiotic which is closely related to gentamicin. It is more active than gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but has less antibacterial activity against other gram-negative bacilli. Absorption and excretion studies in human volunteers confirm satisfactory blood levels. 31 patients suffering from infections caused by gram-negative organisms, including 18 due to Ps. aeruginosa, have been treated with tobramycin and 28 responded clinically to the antibiotic. One patient developed signs of ototoxicity following treatment with tobramycin.