Effects of antenatal exercise in overweight and obese pregnant women on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a randomised controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether antenatal exercise in overweight/obese women would improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. DESIGN: Two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Home-based intervention in Auckland, New Zealand. POPULATION AND SAMPLE: Pregnant women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) . METHODS: Participants were randomised to a 16-week moderate-intensity stationary cycling programme from 20 weeks of gestation, or to a control group with no exercise intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was offspring birthweight. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were assessed, with the latter including weight gain, aerobic fitness, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal body composition. Exercise compliance was recorded with heart rate monitors. RESULTS: Seventy-five participants were randomised in the study (intervention 38, control 37). Offspring birthweight (adjusted mean difference 104 g; P = 0.35) and perinatal outcomes were similar between groups. Aerobic fitness improved in the intervention group compared with controls (48.0-second improvement in test time to target heart rate; P = 0.019). There was no difference in weight gain, quality of life, pregnancy outcomes or postnatal maternal body composition between groups. However, compliance with exercise protocol was poor, with an average of 33% of exercise sessions completed. Sensitivity analyses showed that greater compliance was associated with improved fitness (increased test time (P = 0.002), greater VO2 peak (P = 0.015), and lower resting heart rate (P = 0.014)), reduced postnatal adiposity (reduced fat mass (P = 0.007) and body mass index (P = 0.035)) and better physical quality of life (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal non-weight-bearing moderate-intensity exercise in pregnancy improved fitness but did not affect birthweight or clinical outcomes. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Moderate-intensity exercise in overweight/obese pregnant women improved fitness but had no clinical effects.