China is one of the world's major bamboo producers, and the development and utilization of bamboo timber has become a new industry. But mildew often appears on both original bamboo substrate and bamboo processing material in the processes of storage, processing, transport and utilization, resulting in the pigment pollution of surface that affects bamboo quality and brings great losses to the enterprise. This paper describes the mildew mechanism of bamboo timber, the main causal fungi and the anti-mold technology, and also prospects the development direction of the research in future, which provided reference for the further study on the anti-mold technology of bamboo timber.