Two Novel Hexadepsipeptides with Several Modified Amino Acid Residues Isolated from the Fungus Isaria

Abstract Two new cyclohexadepsipeptides have been isolated from the fungus Isaria. Fungal growth in solid media yielded hyphal strands from which peptide fractions were readily isolable by organic‐solvent extraction. Two novel cyclodepsipeptides, isaridin A and isaridin B, have been isolated by reverse‐phase HPLC, and characterized by ESI‐MS and 1 H‐NMR. Single crystals of both peptides have been obtained, and their 3D structures were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction. The isaridins contain several unusual amino acid residues. The sequences are cyclo( β ‐Gly‐HyLeu‐Pro‐Phe‐NMeVal‐NMePhe) and cyclo( β ‐Gly‐HyLeu‐ β ‐MePro‐Phe‐NMeVal‐NMePhe), where NMeVal is N ‐methylvaline, NMePhe N ‐methylphenylalanine, and HyLeu hydroxyleucine (=2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic acid). The two peptides differ from one another at residue 3, isaridin A having an ( S )‐proline at this position, while β ‐methyl‐( S )‐proline (=(2 S ,3 S )‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐3‐methyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid) is found in isaridin B. The solid‐state conformations of both cyclic depsipeptides are characterized by the presence of two cis peptide bonds at HyLeu(2)‐Pro(3)/HyLeu(2)‐ β ‐MePro(3) and NMeVal(5)‐NMePhe(6), respectively. In isaridin A, a strong intramolecular H‐bond is observed between Phe(4)CO⋅⋅⋅HN β ‐Gly(1), and a similar, but weaker, interaction is observed between β ‐Gly(1)CO⋅⋅⋅HNPhe(4). In contrast, in isaridin B, only a single intramolecular H‐bond is observed between β ‐Gly(1)CO⋅⋅⋅HNPhe(4).