诵读困难
心理学
阅读(过程)
字长
词(群论)
听力学
单词识别
认知心理学
感知
按频率列出的单词列表
词汇判断任务
语音识别
语言学
认知
计算机科学
自然语言处理
神经科学
判决
医学
哲学
作者
Jason J.S. Barton,Hashim Muhammad Hanif,Laura Eklinder Björnström,Charlotte Hills
标识
DOI:10.1080/02643294.2014.895314
摘要
AbstractThe finding that visual processing of a word correlates with the number of its letters has an extensive history. In healthy subjects, a variety of methods, including perceptual thresholds, naming and lexical decision times, and ocular motor parameters, show modest effects that interact with high-order effects like frequency. Whether this indicates serial processing of letters under some conditions or indexes low-level visual factors related to word length is unclear. Word-length effects are larger in pure alexia, where they probably reflect a serial letter-by-letter strategy, due to failure of lexical whole-word processing and variable dysfunction in letter encoding. In pure alexia, the word-length effect is systematically related to mean naming latency, with the word-length effect becoming proportionally greater as naming latency becomes more delayed in severe cases. Other conditions may also generate enhanced word-length effects. This occurs in right hemianopia: Computer simulations suggest a criterion of 160 ms/letter to distinguish hemianopic dyslexia from pure alexia. Normal reading development is accompanied by a decrease in word-length effects, whereas persistently elevated word-length effects are characteristic of developmental dyslexia. Little is known about word-length effects in other reading disorders. We conclude that the word-length effect captures the efficiency of the perceptual reading process in development, normal reading, and a number of reading disorders, even if its mechanistic implications are not always clear.Keywords: Object recognitionVisual wordAlexiaHemianopiaConfusability We thank Rebecca Johnson for helpful comments on the manuscript.J.B. was supported by a Canada Research Chair and the Marianne Koerner Chair in Brain Diseases.
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